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The Vulnerable Prenate
By William R. Emerson, Ph.D.
This paper (The Vulnerable Prenate) is an edited and elaborated version of the same-titled paper presented at the 1995 San Francisco APPPAH Congress, and is also published in the Pre- and Perinatal Psychology Journal, 10(3), Spring 1996.
Abstract
Based on the author's extensive work with patients, this article clarifies the conditions under which prenatal experiences may be lifelong and describes the theoretical and research perspectives necessary to understand the effects of prenatal traumatization. In addition, since the incidences of personal and societal violence are at an all-time peak and increasing, the author discusses the effects of pre- and peri-natal trauma on aggression and violence.
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